What Is Tularemia? Colorado's "Zombie Rabbit" Disease Explained

James

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Post on Aug 27, 2025

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What is Tularemia? Colorado's "Zombie Rabbit" Disease Explained

Colorado has seen a recent increase in cases of tularemia, a disease nicknamed the "zombie rabbit" disease due to its sometimes-dramatic effects on rabbits and other animals. But what exactly is tularemia, and why is it making headlines? This article will explore the disease, its transmission, symptoms, and what you need to know to protect yourself and your family.

What is Tularemia?

Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is a serious bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis. This bacterium can infect a variety of animals, including rabbits, squirrels, rodents, and even some birds. Humans can contract the disease through contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, or through bites from infected ticks, fleas, or deer flies. Inhalation of contaminated dust or water can also lead to infection.

How is Tularemia Transmitted?

The transmission routes of tularemia are multifaceted and highlight the importance of preventative measures:

• Handling Infected Animals: This is a primary transmission route. Skinning or butchering infected rabbits or other animals without proper precautions is extremely risky. Even handling a deceased animal can expose you to the bacteria.
• Tick, Flea, and Deer Fly Bites: These insects can act as vectors, carrying the bacteria from infected animals to humans. Tick bites are particularly common in areas where tularemia is prevalent.
• Inhalation: Breathing in contaminated dust or water containing the bacteria can lead to pneumonic tularemia, a severe form of the disease affecting the lungs.
• Ingestion: Consuming undercooked meat from an infected animal can also result in infection.

Symptoms of Tularemia:

The symptoms of tularemia vary depending on the route of infection. However, some common symptoms include:

• Ulceroglandular Tularemia: This is the most common form, characterized by a skin ulcer at the site of infection, often accompanied by swollen lymph nodes.
• Glandular Tularemia: Similar to ulceroglandular tularemia, but without the skin ulcer.
• Oculoglandular Tularemia: Infection of the eye, causing inflammation and swollen lymph nodes.
• Oropharyngeal Tularemia: Infection of the mouth and throat, often leading to ulcers and swollen lymph nodes.
• Pneumonic Tularemia: Infection of the lungs, resulting in pneumonia-like symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. This is the most serious form.
• Typhoidal Tularemia: A systemic infection, characterized by fever, chills, and fatigue.

Treatment and Prevention:

Tularemia is treatable with antibiotics, usually aminoglycosides or tetracyclines. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing severe complications.

Prevention is key:

• Wear protective gear: When handling animals, wear gloves, long sleeves, and eye protection.
• Avoid contact with potentially infected animals: Be cautious when handling wild animals, especially rabbits, squirrels, and rodents.
• Use insect repellent: Apply insect repellent containing DEET or picaridin to prevent tick, flea, and deer fly bites.
• Cook meat thoroughly: Ensure that meat from wild animals is cooked to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) to kill any bacteria.
• Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly after handling animals or being outdoors.

Colorado's "Zombie Rabbit" Outbreak:

The term "zombie rabbit" is a dramatic but not entirely inaccurate description. Rabbits infected with tularemia can exhibit unusual behavior, appearing disoriented and lethargic before succumbing to the disease. The increased prevalence in Colorado necessitates public awareness and vigilance. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment ([link to relevant Colorado health department page]) provides up-to-date information and resources.

Conclusion:

Tularemia is a serious but preventable disease. By understanding its transmission routes and taking appropriate precautions, you can significantly reduce your risk of infection. If you suspect you may have contracted tularemia, seek immediate medical attention. Stay informed and take proactive steps to protect yourself and your family. Remember, awareness is your best defense against this "zombie rabbit" disease.